The catalyst
CNMC Initiates Sanction Proceedings Against Apple, Amazon; Companies Failed To Comply With Cease-And-Desist Order Imposed On Them In Sanctioning Resolution Of July 2023; Imposed Fines On Both Companies For Including Anti-Competitive Clauses
The thesis
Spain’s CNMC initiated sanction proceedings against Apple and Amazon, alleging they failed to comply with a July 2023 cease-and-desist order over anti-competitive clauses in contracts covering Amazon’s role as an Apple distributor.